Improvement in atmspheric-air compressors for working engines



I S SheetS SheGH. C. CAROBBI, 81- G. BELLINL- Atmospheric-Air-Compressorfor Working Engines.

N0 .l59,075. Patentedlan.26,1875.

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v 3Sheefs-Sheet2. C. CAROBBI 81 G. BELLINI.

At mosp heriUAR-Compressor for Woi'king Engines NO }5Q,075Patented'lan.26,187 5.

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Witnesses:-

M. v k WWW?" I 3Sheets--Sheet3 C. [;A B0 BBI & G. BELL! NI.At'mospheric-Air-Comprassor, for Working Engines;

Patentedlan. 26,1875

- Urrrrnn CESARE' CAROBBI AND GIUSEPPE BELLINL 0F PISTOJA, ASBiGNQR-S53F ONE-THIRD THEIR .RIGHT 'liO JOi-iitl BEYNGLDS, (3F PRATD, ITALY.

lillPliOVEiliEliT lN ATMQSFHERlC-MR CQMPRESSGRS FOR WORKlNG ENGlNES.

Spaoilicctiou formingrport of Letters Patent No. 15%,6525, dated January26,1875; application tiled Mo 28, um,

the Kingdom of Italy, halve invented a Pro;-

cess and Machine for Working Locomotive and other inotire=poworEiigii1esby'meons of atmospheric hir, compressed by the combustion offnlmiuatin}; matters, in substitution of steam, offwhich the ioiiowingis a. specification':

' Carded cottomheinp or linen tow, shreds of torn rags oi the above'llifliallfil,l)lohtllig. papennnd other similar snhstztnces, trcnteiiwith a mixture of concentrated ozotic and sulphuric acid when igniteddevelop an extraordinary explosive force without producing smoke orleaving any residue, or dirtying or deteriorating the vessel in whichthey have been burned; This explosive force weapply to sctting in motionon apparatus, to which we have given the name of the atmosphericoircompressor, by inching smnll hells, which we call charges, of any of theahoveuinineii fnhninating substances, and causing them to fall and. thenexplode by means of an electric sparkbetween the pistons of two sets ofcylinders placed in juxtaposition on a right line, and which pistons,driven by the explosions in two opposite directions, force and compressV the air contained in the cylinders into air-tight tanks. .-lhe,ni.r'so compressed is conducted from these tanks to the propellingmechanismusuol in steam-engines, and in its passage n h- 'sorbing theheat that has been developed by combustion, its elnstic potency will hein creased, and in this stntefwill not with all its expensive power, andin'the some way as steam acts. Thus this compressor and the airtighttanks take the place of the boiler and furnace in the usual constructionof. steamengincs, and can be applied to any engine where motive power isrequired.

We now refer to the three accompanying drawings to explain theconstruction and action of our invention.

Drawing No. 1 is a longitudinal section, in elevation, of the apparatus,obtained by the intersection of a. vertical plane across its mid (11c;Figure 1, Drawing No. 2, a front View of the compressor; Figs. 2 and 3,tronsversol sec 'tions of the some, respectively, token inthe pointscorresponding to the lines a b it b of Drawing No. 1; Fig. 1, DrawingNo. 3, o horizontal section of the compressor, taken upon the line c dof Drawing No. 1; Figs. 3, 4i, and 5,.snndry transverse sections, and Fi2 the principal, pieces together, of which the conr pressor is composed.

f is a. piece of cost-iron, so formed. that nscciion. of itrhoing;incile'cs indicated by the (w en lines i a r 8, Fig. 2, Drawing 3, showsthat it is composed oi three concentric cylindrical portions, thelargest of which is between the other two. This picco-fhns twoperforattions, one oilwhiclnn, Drawing 1, is trans, verse nn'il lorizontnl, and the other, I perpcniiiculnr to n, which, oounnencing atthe upper circuiniercnco of f, terminates at its center, whero'there aretwo other small conical perforations opposite to each other on at rightlinecrossing the hell of the perforation h. l

l are two hollow cylinders, catch formed of n steel core, 0, Figs. 3 and4, Drawing 3, around which is a hand of copper, surmounted by it bronze;cylinder, having in its inner siiie o spiral groove or female screw, andthese three layers united together at both extremities by a circularsring form but one piece. These two cylinders (the one to the right, theother to thelei't) are attached to f by means of the short cylindrienlprojections of this piece, be-

ing nnnlc to enter into them, and causing a ring of each cylinder tocome iii-contact with the, remainder of the piece f, Fig. 2, Drawing 3.By theother ring Ell} the farther extrcnr ity of the cylinders l 1, theyare each joineil to another cnstiron cylinder of lnrgerdinnn etc-r, man,and these latter are closed at their other ends by means of the coversT, These four cylinders are thus. pissed on the some horizontal rightiine, and together with the picccfibrni a. connected symmetrical wholfi,

solidly held together by sixteen rery rohnst steel ties, t, Dre-wing; 3.The cylinders 5 5 have each metallic piston, k, terminating nt the endiiGWit-i'll j in. a smell cone, which serves. to .iill the conical holes2? in that piece.

the other cini, and forming one piece with the piston, there is to suchnftnehcii n rc'otnngnhtr em, g, which serves, io j0in-them to pistonsgdox, which shows the quantity of oharge oi the cyiiniie e firm,Drawing 1. Ineiaiecyithatbecome coneumeihinforder to regulate moors anm, and nearthe covers ii, there is their repetition; but even ehoniiithe machinineneh a metallic disk, Z, that can slide in iet fail to giveatiention to this index, a smell them, to which are fixe two smellcylinciem bell, T, struck by 9- hammer, gives the oppor' thee slide infl each containingnn automatic .tune signals. veivc, d" d. :2" opensfrom on'osicie to the I As the spring which gives movement; to thisinside of. cyiinders on m, and, eoznmnnicaiee mechanism would soonlose'ifis necessary .ten-l' with the atmosphere. d opens in a likemension, ate-very turn of the wheel R its force is 1 er, and the tube inwhich i? is conieinecl restituted by means of the piece P moved by?slides in another tnhefixcci to the cover '1, and the piston K and thelevers M a mi ii, pivoted. which serves-to melm thecylinden; m mcoinin-ZI The said piston K NOVBScfl-ESG the oymimiceie Wfih thecompressed-air ienks e e, iimlrical rod that traverses throngh'tlie hole@i'ewingo lend 2. These tanks are two hoiof the pieoef, 1)ivoieii to thebalance-shaft low CSiilifjGTS, of iflfiiigiliiiOll or steel, very R E",Fig. 1, il ran'ingfzi.v v strong, commimiceiing with each other by Toput; the apparatus in motion, the conical: means the smell. horizontaltubes A, A B 1%, tubes p are filled by hand with fniminsitiogonefurnished with safety-wives E E. The charges-,end the clock-work.rnovemenfiset eeiil woke receive ihe eoiopresscd air from free. Thewheel R takes a chemo from'one cyiimlere mm. They are pieced pemliei toof the tubes and ieteii; fall through the pereeoii other undo-i zinecompi'eseor in its loi gifomtion Ii into the center of the pieoe f. inioiiinel eiireoeioii, which mm upon them. the other perforation, ii,there is the cylindri- The hero the-i eniie the pistons K and g, eel miabove *tha'b'eeis as e vol-Ye, and whieh have imnei'ereeiy inserted inthem sundry aepring tends to-impel in a contrary dime smell eieeicylindore, 1, 2, 3,&o.,-Fig. LDm-JW- tion to the arrow, Fig; 1, Drawing3, but is inge l anri 3, which, acting like teeth, move withheld by theverticai IOii y, Figs. 1 and the emaii wheels "a ead these the iotis V,in 3 Drawing 2, in order that; the liolein its which ohey are fixerlr mceoh cxti'emity of media may coincide with the peefomtion I", These rodefloor-e is 2. onion, similar in form to and let the oherge pass, butiinmeiiiateiy tliio theorem of a watch, which is heid firiniy by hastoken-place the clock-work movement lifts "the ce'ich igeonnectiad witimemail trick-wheel, 'ihe-roii 3 and the cylindrical i-oii i nov'ee fori,fii/iiicii can turn at pleasure, and. so tighten word, infiersecizingthe perforation h, anal inn eflepirai spring melosed m the eaici drum,one prisoning the'oherge in the centercff, where, end of which epring isfixed io'the roii V, the at the opportune moment, on electric sparoziiei ro the drum. when the pisnona -ii, ignites it. A large quantityof gas is develimven from the piece oythe expiosion oi the oped, andibeelesti'c force, acting. upon the niafnlminating-elmrgo, arrive at theend of their tons K, drives them in opposite directions stroke, andtheir force, event, ihisi spring without the explosion causing theleasi,jaw is eerves to push them back" to their startingthe apparatus, inconsequence of 1118 two eonpoint. Afithe apeeime 0:,1Drawing 1,"thereimaiy directions given'io the pistons neutral are three conio'ei tubes,19, lixeii wijzls'their izing the shock.

e-pex turned downward io ooirculer revolving The pistons g, which areunited 'to the pie 7 plane, toothed at its periphery. These mm, tons K,as soon as they move will close the (eaehfurnie'iiezd wiiii'a iar'geeai'eiy valve, 3,) valves 1), compress the air of the Qi'iliiiiGI'S inare for reoeivingtho eliminating-charges. A which they work, and forcethe wives ii to handle turned by the mechiniit causes the open andmlmitb the compressed air to pwe circular plane on which they are fixedto re into the tanks 0 s, when, "having oil-rived oi voive, end-bringsiheminioommunicetion 3110- the endoftheir stroke, and spent their 1?-eeseiveiy with the periphery oi a wheel, 13.,- pnlsive force, wiilimmediately recede-egaiin Fig.3,Dmwinge1mid 2, which wheel, turning,toward their starting point. and; hy their 'oliom initlie np gei poshofilmwingjl,MA, iiokoflj timrgj.

preeenm' oi: eeoii of its revolutions e hole that book 'stroke, the,gas'ihm, may have oecumn .ieceix'ee 2, charge and. pieoipiteioe ii intothe levied in. cylinders l i from the expiosion viii yerfore-iion h,wheze iii-ails by its own weight be driven up the perforation h, andpass out into (he center of the piece f. gin'io the atmosphere throughthe openings in A very simple clock-work ei'mngemeni, A, Fig ,3, Drawing-2. At the book of the ili.,lih5ii(! 11illiih top oie consisting oi ii,iiinn, in which is confined. a the covers '1 from concussion, incoo-ethic pieepiing'tending to expend-or unroii, givee, by ions 9 shouldnot; at the end of their choice the iniemosiiion of a small iootheiiwheel; have spent their entire fogce. The eoinpreseeil movement; to thewheel R, foo receiving the, air is conducted from the ii inks by theiuiwo i) charges, itgilliilfill by e h'rnlco moved by the D, and,passing through the groovee of the handle H, and placed on the peripheryof 3, cylinders l t, iethore increased in tension byfly-wheelconnectedtoiheniovemeni, The rod ehsorbing the hem,v that hasbeen confinemupon which iho spring in the drum acts, being eetecl tothem by the comhnsoi on oi the formed as escrow, gives iflOVf'lilijlli;too. whee charges. Thie gives the double eilventoge of the rod of which,being also a screw, moves keeping the center oi the piecef cool, whichinioiher,n'hich iiae' fixeii n Q01! its an inis necessary to evoiil'thesponianeons oomimesir.

tion of the charges, and at the same time increasing the motive powerthe compressed In theltnbes II.) D there isll a 1valve openirlig nnerneat u ward,w ieipreventstle heated compressed air returning into thetanks, notwithstanding that the equilibrium ween the air in them andthat that has bet through the tubes has been destroyed,

a con sequence of the greater tension acquired by the latter fromheating. From the grooves of the cylinders l l the compressed airpasses, by the tubes Q Q, into a single tube, L,where the govcnor, movedby handle Q, introduces it, by means of the tubes X, into the usualcylinders employed in steam-engines for comnunlcating motion to themachinery, and becomes a force capable of being distributed to an;operating mechanism.

t now remains to be shown how the folminating-eharges are ignited. Inthe longitudinal middle of the apparatus, as seen in Drawing 2, on therightrhsnd side of Fig. 3, there are two Daniel batteries of the Minottetype, B, placed in a box resting on several spiral s rings, andconnected to asuspended table. ese batteries put in activity aBuhmlrorfl coil, 3. The positive and negative currwnts that pasrtromthis -coil communicate with two upper plates, insulated from each otherby an ivory plate, and, in consequence, the positive current bitnrcst inthecenter of pieee j; with which it is insulated. The valve thatincloses the t'nlminating-charges in this point has in its prolongatiouV two projections, terminating in a spring. our: of git!commnriitatesTconstantly :vith t nega ve copper p ate. he other, w ierethe Salve is held back by the piece Y-, is in contact with the ivoryplate, and the electric circuit is open, and no effect is manifested inthe center of f conlainin the charges, but immediately the above va veis left lice from 1 it moves, and the other projection communicates withthe positive copper plate, the

current becomes closed, and the electric spark.

shoots from the positive to the negativepole, and in its passagetraverses and ignites the fnlmiuatiug-charge.

Having now described the principles of our invention, we may add thatthe advaptages we expect to.be realized from it are many and important,especially in its application to locomotive and marine enginesz 'First,in economy. The fulminating matter would cost much less than coal. Forlocomotives the tender, and waste of power for dragging it tilled withwater and coal, would be saved, and in sea-going vessels much less spacethan that occupied for bunkers, coal, &e., would es and penetrates berequired. The coal, and time expended for getting up steam; would alsohe saved, as an engine, worked on our invention, would only consume whenin action, and would always be ready to start, as the tanks 0 c mightalways be .kept charged with compressed air; but should they not be so,it being easy to repeat the ignition of the charges with great'rapidity,the pressure could be got up in a few minutes, and when in action thepower and velocity can be regulated as required by slackening orincreasing the rapidity of the discharges. Secondly, in the totalabsence of smoke, especially in tunnels, stations confined localities,and aboard ships.

Thirdly, obviating, in marine engines, the risk of running short of coalon the voyage, atmospheric air being always present.

We claim as our invention- 1. The combination,snbstantially as beforeset forth, of the charger for the explosive material, the piston forreceiving the force of the explosion, and the air-compressing piston andcylinder for compressing air.

2. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of thecharger,the piston for receiving the force of the explosion, the aireornpressingpiston and cylinder,and the electric apparatus for igniting theexplosive ma teria I 3. The combination, substantially as before setforth, of the charger, the piston for re ceiving the force of theexplosion, the aircomprcssing piston and cylinder, the electricapparatus, and the compressed-air tank.

4. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the charger,the piston for recei vin g the force of the explosion, the groovedcylinder thereof, and the air-compressing cylinder and piston.

5. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the chargerfor the explosive material and the explosion-pistons, arranged to movein opposite directions.

6. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the twoexplosion-pistons and their cylinders, and of the two air-compressingpistons and their cylinders. all in the same line.

7. The combination, substantially as before set forth oi the charger,the piston for receiving the force of the explosion, the aircompressingpiston and cylinder, and the spring'for etl'ccting the return movementof the said two pistons.

CESARE CAROBBI. GIUSEPPE BELLINI. Witnesses: Hsmnmt Axnnumn, OansrsBERTINL

